Create Kubernetes Site

Published April 5, 2023 | Last modified June 4, 2026

Objective

This guide provides instructions on how to deploy an F5® Distributed Cloud Services Site as a pod on a Kubernetes (K8s) cluster. For more information on Sites, see F5 Distributed Cloud Site.

Important: This feature provides basic functionality of launching a Distributed Cloud Services Site on K8s with limited functionality, tools, and observability. A Site deployed with Kubernetes only supports Mesh functionalities and does not support F5® Distributed Cloud App Stack. The supported Kubernetes version is 1.23. Only one or three pods are supported per cluster when deploying a customer edge (CE) Site on K8s. Deploying CE sites in a managed Kubernetes environment is not supported for production environments. It is only supported for proof-of-concept (PoC) deployments.

A Site deployed as a pod on a K8s cluster acts as a K8s ingress controller with built-in application security. It also enables the F5® Distributed Cloud Mesh (Mesh) features, such as discovery of services of the K8s cluster, publish of other Site's services on this Site, publish of this Site's discovered services on other Sites, and more.

F5 Distributed Cloud Services supports deploying a Site on a K8s cluster either using the kubectl command-line interface (CLI) tool or Helm charts. Both methods are covered in this guide.

Prerequisites

The following prerequisites apply:

A Distributed Cloud Services Account. If you do not have an account, see Getting Started with Console.
Allow traffic from and to the Distributed Cloud public IP addresses to your network and allowlist related domain names. See F5 Customer Edge IP Address and Domain Reference for Firewall or Proxy Settings guide for the list of IP addresses and domain names.
A deployed K8s cluster. For documentation on deploying:
- AKS
- EKS
- GKE
- OCP
- Minikube
- K8s
The following requirements are for the managed K8s environment:
- Managed K8s (EKS/AKS/GKE): Minimum 8 vCPUs, 32 GB RAM, and 80 GB disk storage. For a full listing of the resources required, see the Customer Edge Site Sizing Reference guide. All the nodes in a given CE Site should have the same resources regarding the compute, memory, and disk storage. When deploying in cloud environments, these nodes should use the same instance flavor.
- Minikube: minimum 32 GB of memory per node. The driver should support HugePages for managed K8s. For example, for macOS you can use the minikube start --driver=<driver> command to start Minikube with the driver that supports HugePages. For example, use the minikube start --driver=virtualbox --memory 32768 command to start Minikube with VirtualBox driver.
- Kubernetes StorageClass with enabled Dynamic Persistent Volume Provisioner (PVC) with a minimum of 1 GB space. Use the kubectl get storageclass command to check if dynamic PVC is enabled for your K8s StorageClass. The output with an entry with standard (default) in the NAME column indicates that K8s storage class is enabled with Dynamic PVC.
Helm 3.2.0+ if you are using Helm chart to deploy your Site. See Helm Docs for more information on Helm.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) needs to be opened between the CE nodes on the Site Local Outside (SLO) interfaces. This is needed to ensure intra-cluster communication checks.
The minimum instance types required for CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) are the following:
- AWS: minimum size m5.2xlarge
- GCP: minimum size n2-standard-8
- Azure: minimum size Standard_D8_v4

Important: After you deploy the CE Site, the IP address for the SLO interface cannot be changed. Also, the MAC address cannot be changed.

Restrictions

The following restrictions apply and are not supported when advertising a load balancer on a Kubernetes Site:

Fast ACLs
Service Policy: Rejecting requests from specific source IP address
Trusted client: Adding a specific source IP address as trusted client in load balancer
API protection rules: Adding a rule with specific IP address
API Rate Limiting: Based on Source IP address
Blocked clients: Adding a specific IP address to blocker clients
Malicious User Mitigation: Setting IP address or IP address plus TLS fingerprint as user identifier
K8s Site: Cannot support DaemonSets for types other than Linux nodes

Manifest Updates

If you have a CE that was deployed prior to February 2025, you are using an older initContainers that pointed to busybox. After February 2025, the initContainers was updated to use tinytools. This update was made for security purposes. If you need your CE to use this latest type, you need to manually download the latest manifest and apply it.

Configuration Options

You can deploy Site as a pod through kubectl using a manifest file or using Helm charts.

kubectl-Based Configuration Sequence

Deploying a Site as a pod on an existing K8s cluster using kubectl requires you to perform the following sequence of actions:

Create a Site token.
Prepare a manifest file with the parameters required for Site provisioning.
Deploy the Site using the kubeconfig of the K8s cluster and the manifest file.
Perform Site registration.
Verify that Distributed Cloud Services are running.

Helm-Based Configuration Sequence

Deploying a Site as pod on an existing K8s cluster using Helm requires you to perform the following sequence of actions:

Create a Site token and set Site token environment variable.
Clone the F5 Distributed Cloud Services Site on K8s Repo.
Deploy the Site using the Helm installation command.
Perform Site registration.
Verify that Distributed Cloud Services are running.

Note: For both methods, ensure that you have reachability to your K8s cluster and set the kubeconfig environment variable with the kubeconfig of your K8s cluster using the export KUBECONFIG=<kubeconfig.yml> command.

Create Site Token

Create a Site token or use an existing token. If you are configuring a multi-node Site, use the same token for all nodes.

Step 1: Navigate to Site tokens page.

Log into F5® Distributed Cloud Console.
Click Multi-Cloud Network Connect.

Figure: Console Homepage

Select Manage > Site Management > Site Tokens.
Click Add Site Token to create a new token.

Figure: Site Tokens

Step 2: Generate a new Site token.

In the Name field, enter the token name.
In the Description field, enter a description for the token.
Click Save and Exit.

Figure: Site Token Form

Step 3: Note down the new token.

Find the token previously created or choose an existing token from the list of tokens displayed.
Click > to expand the token details in JSON format and note down the value of the uid field.

Figure: UID Field

Deploy Using Kubectl

Deploying a Site using kubectl involves preparing a manifest file and performing the kubectl apply operation on the K8s cluster.

Prepare the Manifest File

The manifest file contains a YAML schema used for descriptor information to support deployment of Kubernetes for a Site.

Step 1: Create the manifest file.

Download the sample Manifest Template.

Step 2: Edit the configuration.

Edit the configuration of the manifest file per the following guidelines:
- In the ClusterName field, type your cluster name.
- In the Latitude and Longitude fields, type the latitude and longitude values.
- In the Token field, type the Site token.
- In the replicas field, enter 1 for a single-node Site or 3 for a multi-node Site.
Save your changes.

Note: You can also set the cluster name, latitude, and longitude when you register a Site.

Deploy Site

Step 1: Deploy the Site using the kubeconfig file for the K8s cluster and manifest file.

Type kubectl apply -f <manifest>.yml.

kubectl apply -f <manifest>.yml

This example displays the sample output of the command:

namespace/ves-system created
serviceaccount/volterra-sa created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/volterra-admin-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/volterra-admin-role-binding created
daemonset.apps/volterra-ce-init created
serviceaccount/vpm-sa created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/vpm-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/vpm-role-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ver created
configmap/vpm-cfg created
statefulset.apps/vp-manager created
service/vpm created

Step 2: Verify that the K8s pod for the Site was created.

Verify that the pod with the vp-manager-0 under the NAME column indicates that the Site pod was created.

Type kubectl get pods -n ves-system -o=wide.

This example displays the sample output of the command with minikube for a single-node Site:

NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
volterra-ce-init-g8bd7   1/1     Running   0          7m15s   172.16.11.6   minikube   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-0             1/1     Running   0          6m19s   172.17.0.7    minikube   <none>           <none>

This example displays the sample output of the command with minikube for a multi-node Site:

NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP             NODE       NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
volterra-ce-init-sgklz   1/1     Running   0          4m      172.16.11.12   minikube   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-0             1/1     Running   0          3m59s   172.17.0.3     minikube   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-1             1/1     Running   0          3m24s   172.17.0.4     minikube   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-2             1/1     Running   0          3m16s   172.17.0.5     minikube   <none>           <none>

Step 3: Check if the registration request was created.

You can check the request status from the Console or the kubectl CLI tool.

To check with Console:
- Log into Console and then click Multi-Cloud Network Connect.
- Click Manage > Site Management > Registrations > Pending Registrations.
To check with kubectl:
- Type kubectl logs vp-manager-0 -n ves-system.

kubectl logs vp-manager-0 -n ves-system

This example provides the sample output of the command:

Current state: PENDING, registration fe5b5157-7066-4052-95f3-5b9d68e072c6 must be manually APPROVED and then automatically ADMITTED. Object status: &StatusType{ObjectStatus:&ves_io_schema4.StatusType{Status:,Reason:,Code:0,},CurrentState:PENDING,};2022-03-09 21:28:17.07967128 +0000 UTC m=+1318333.138793540,, waiting 15.716434773s before next try

Deploy Using Helm

Step 1: Set environment variables required for deployment.

The site-name is a name of your choice. The site-token is the token created in the Create Site Token section.

Enter the following commands:

export SITE_NAME=<site-name>
export SITE_TOKEN=<site-token>

Step 2: Clone the F5 Distributed Cloud Services K8s Site repo.

Enter the following commands to clone the repo and change to its directory:

git clone https://gitlab.com/volterra.io/volterra-ce.git && cd volterra-ce

Step 3: Deploy the Site.

Enter the following command for AWS, Azure, GCP, and Minikube:

helm upgrade --install $SITE_NAME ./helm --set vpm.clusterName="$SITE_NAME" --set vpm.token="$SITE_TOKEN" --set vpm.latitude="50" --set vpm.longitude="50" --set siteToSiteNodePort.enabled=false

Enter the following command for OCP:

helm upgrade --install $SITE_NAME ./helm --set vpm.clusterName="$SITE_NAME" --set vpm.token="$SITE_TOKEN" --set vpm.latitude="50" --set vpm.longitude="50" --set siteToSiteNodePort.enabled=true

The following is a sample output for the above command:

Release "alexminikube2" does not exist. Installing it now.
NAME: alexminikube2
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Dec  8 18:31:36 2022
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
Please open https://console.ves.volterra.io/ and proceed to site registration.

Register CE Site

After you install the F5 Distributed Cloud Services node, you must register it as a CE Site in the Distributed Cloud Console. For a multi-node CE Site, you must register each node.

Note: The USB allowlist is enabled by default. If you change a USB device, such as a keyboard after registration, the device will not function.

Register Multi-Node Site

Step 1: Navigate to the Site registration page.

Log into Console.
Click Multi-Cloud Network Connect.
Click Manage > Site Management > Registrations.

Step 2: Accept the registration requests.

Registration requests are displayed in the Pending Registrations tab.

Click Accept to accept the registration requests from the master-0, master-1, and master-2 nodes. The node names differ.
Enter the same values for the following parameters for all the registration requests:
- In the Cluster name field, enter a name for the cluster. Ensure that all control nodes have the same name.
- In the Cluster size field, enter 3. Ensure that all control nodes have the same cluster size.
Enter all mandatory fields marked with the asterisk (*) character.
Click Save and Exit.

Step 3: Check Site status and health.

It may take a few minutes for the Site health and connectivity score information to update.

Click Overview > Infrastructure > Sites.
Click on your Site name. The Dashboard tab appears, along with many other tabs to inspect your Site.
Click the Site Status tab to verify the following:
- The Update Status field has a Successful value for the F5 OS Status section.
- The Update Status field has a Successful value for the F5 Software Status section.
- The Tunnel status and Control Plane fields under the RE Connectivity section have up values.

Note: The factory reset functionality is not supported. To update a Site node, power off and then destroy it. Perform the same procedure as above to recreate a virtual machine (VM).

Register Single-Node Site

Step 1: Navigate to the Site registration page.

Log into Console.
Click Multi-Cloud Network Connect.
Click Manage > Site Management > Registrations.

Step 2: Accept the registration requests.

Registration requests are displayed in the Pending Registrations tab.

Click Accept to accept the registration request for the node.
In the form that appears, enter all mandatory fields marked with the asterisk (*) character.
Enter latitude and longitude values if you did not previously.
Enter other configuration information, if needed.
Click Save and Exit.

Step 3: Check Site status and health.

It may take a few minutes for the Site health and connectivity score information to update.

Click Overview > Infrastructure > Sites.
Click on your Site name. The Dashboard tab appears, along with many other tabs to inspect your Site.
Click the Site Status tab to verify the following:
- The Update Status field has a Successful value for the F5 OS Status section.
- The Update Status field has a Successful value for the F5 Software Status section.
- The Tunnel status and Control Plane fields under the RE Connectivity section have up values.

Note: The factory reset functionality is not supported. To update a Site node, power off and then destroy it. Perform the same procedure as above to recreate a virtual machine (VM).

Verify Services

Verify that services were started after Site registration.

Type kubectl get pods -n ves-system -o=wide.

kubectl get pods -n ves-system -o=wide

This example provides the sample output of the command:

NAME                           READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE                                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
etcd-5779568655-td4wq          2/2     Running     0          41m   10.244.1.4   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
etcd-defrag-1587094200-58jjb   0/1     Completed   0          33m   10.244.1.5   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
ver-0                          13/13   Running     3          41m   10.244.0.8   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000000   <none>           <none>
volterra-ce-init-5wsmb         1/1     Running     0          75m   10.240.0.5   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
volterra-ce-init-sbjqp         1/1     Running     0          75m   10.240.0.4   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000000   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-0                   1/1     Running     2          72m   10.244.1.3   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>

The Site appears in Console, where you can deploy Mesh services.

Decommission Site

Decommissioning a Site requires you to deregister the Site from Console, and then delete that Site.

Step 1: Navigate to the list of registered Sites.

Log into Console.
Click Multi-Cloud Network Connect.

Figure: Console Homepage

Click Manage > Site Management > Registrations.
Click the Other Registrations tab.

Step 2: Perform decommissioning.

Find your Site and then click ....
Click Decommission.

Figure: Decommission Site

Click Decommission in the confirmation window to confirm the operation. After a few minutes, the Current State column displays RETIRED.

Figure: Confirm Decommission Site

Step 3: Delete the resources for the Site.

In the terminal, use the kubectl tool to delete if Site is created using the manifest file.

Type kubectl delete -f <vpm-manifest>.yml.

kubectl delete -f <vpm-manifest>.yml

Use the cloud provider commands to delete the resources if Site is created using Helm. The following are sample commands for AWS, Azure, and GCP.

eksctl delete cluster --name $SITE_NAME  --region us-west-2

gcloud container clusters delete --region us-west1 $SITE_NAME

az aks delete --resource-group $SITE_NAME --name $SITE_NAME

Step 4: Delete the decommissioned Site.

Navigate to Overview > Infrastructure > Sites.
Find your Site from the list and then click ....
Click Delete.
Click Delete in the confirmation window to complete the operation.

Figure: Confirm Delete Site

Perform Scaling for Site

You can perform a scale-up or scale-down of Site nodes by changing the replicas of the vp-manager pods.

Note: Scale-up for the sites also creates the VER pods, as there can be only one VER pod per node.

Step 1: Update the replicas using the kubeconfig file for the K8s cluster.

Type kubectl --kubeconfig=<kubeconfig-of-existing-k8s-cluster> edit statefulset/vp-manager -n ves-system.

kubectl --kubeconfig=<kubeconfig-of-existing-k8s-cluster> edit statefulset/vp-manager -n ves-system

In the kubeconfig file replicas field, enter a new number.
Save the file. The changes apply automatically.

Step 2: Verify that the new pods have started.

Type kubectl get pods -o=wide -n ves-system.

kubectl get pods -o=wide -n ves-system

This example assumes that the replicas are set to 2:

NAME                           READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE                                NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
etcd-5bcbfc8689-8fx4g          2/2     Running     0          19h   10.244.1.23   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
etcd-defrag-1587184200-dg765   0/1     Completed   0          42m   10.244.1.52   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
ver-0                          13/13   Running     2          16h   10.244.0.12   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000000   <none>           <none>
ver-1                          13/13   Running     0          17m   10.244.1.53   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
volterra-ce-init-5wsmb         1/1     Running     0          26h   10.240.0.5    aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
volterra-ce-init-sbjqp         1/1     Running     0          26h   10.240.0.4    aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000000   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-0                   1/1     Running     0          12m   10.244.1.54   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000001   <none>           <none>
vp-manager-1                   1/1     Running     2          15m   10.244.0.14   aks-nodepool1-29573508-vmss000000   <none>           <none>

Concepts

API References

Objective
Prerequisites
Restrictions
Manifest Updates
Configuration Options
Create Site Token
Deploy Using Kubectl
Prepare the Manifest File
Deploy Site
Deploy Using Helm
Register CE Site
Register Multi-Node Site
Register Single-Node Site
Verify Services
Decommission Site
Perform Scaling for Site
Concepts
API References